Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
Colombia was one of three countries that emerged after the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830 -- the others are Ecuador and Venezuela. A decades-long conflict among government forces, paramilitaries, and antigovernment insurgent groups heavily funded by the drug trade -- principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) -- escalated during the 1990s. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization in the 2000s, new criminal groups arose that included some former paramilitaries.
- Capital
- Bogotá
- Government
- presidential republic
- Population
- 49,842,298
- Area
- 1,138,910 sq km
- Location
- Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama
- Climate
- tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
- Natural resources
- petroleum; natural gas; coal; iron ore; nickel; gold…
- Languages
- Spanish (official) 98.9%; indigenous 1%; Portuguese 0.1%; 65 indigenous languages exist
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 63.6%; Protestant 17.2% (Evangelical 16.7%; Adventist 0.3%; other Protestant 0.2%)…
- Independence
- 20 July 1810 (from Spain)
- Administrative divisions
- 32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital);
- Currency
- Colombian pesos (COP)
- Export partners
- USA 27%; Panama 9%; India 5%; China 5%…
- Import partners
- USA 26%; China 22%; Brazil 6%; Mexico 5%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain