Celtic tribes arrived in Ireland between 600 and 150 B.C. Norse invasions that began in the late 8th century finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. The Irish famine of the mid-19th century caused an almost 25-percent decline in the island's population through starvation, disease, and emigration.
- Capital
- Dublin
- Government
- parliamentary republic
- Population
- 5,233,461
- Area
- 70,273 sq km
- Location
- Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain
- Climate
- temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid;
- Natural resources
- natural gas; peat; copper; lead; zinc; silver…
- Languages
- English (official; the language generally used); Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official; spoken by approximately 37.7% of the population)
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 69.2% (includes lapsed); Protestant 3.7% (Church of Ireland/England/Anglican/Episcopalian 2.5%; other Protestant 1.2%); Orthodox 2%…
- Independence
- 6 December 1921 (from the UK); 6 December 1922 (Irish Free State established);
- Administrative divisions
- 28 counties and 3 cities*; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Cork*, Donegal, Dublin*, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal, Galway,…
- Currency
- euros (EUR)
- Export partners
- USA 28%; Germany 11%; UK 8%; Belgium 8%…
- Import partners
- UK 20%; USA 17%; France 10%; China 7%…