Profile
Background and figures as recorded in the CIA World Factbook.
Between A.D. 800 and 1100, immigrant Muslim Arabs and Persians set up coastal trading posts along the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, solidifying present-day Somalia’s close trading relationship with the Arab Peninsula. In the late 19th century, Britain, France, and Italy established colonies in the Somali Peninsula that lasted until 1960, when British Somaliland gained independence and joined with Italian Somaliland to form the Republic of Somalia.
- Capital
- Mogadishu
- Government
- federal parliamentary republic
- Population
- 20,324,160
- Area
- 637,657 sq km
- Location
- Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia
- Climate
- principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south;
- Natural resources
- uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore; tin; gypsum; bauxite; copper; salt…
- Languages
- Somali (official); Arabic (official); Italian; English
- Religions
- Muslim 99.9% (Sunni Muslim 98.1%; Shia Muslim 1.2%; Islamic schismatic 0.6%); ethnic religionist 0.1%
- Independence
- 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on…
- Administrative divisions
- 18 regions (gobollo, singular - gobol); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe (Mid…
- Currency
- Somali shillings (SOS)
- Export partners
- UAE 35%; Saudi Arabia 27%; Oman 18%; Djibouti 8%…
- Import partners
- UAE 29%; China 19%; India 15%; Turkey 8%…
Source: CIA World Factbook — a work of the US government, in the public domain